The periodic table
The periodic table shows all the different elements that are in existence. In the periodic table, elements with similar properties ...
States of matter – solids, liquids and gases
Everything around us is made up of particles that are moving continually. There are three states of matter which you ...
Structural isomerism
Isomerism is defined as the existence of molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in space. ...
Separating mixtures
There are many experimental techniques for the separation of mixtures, and we will explore these in this chapter. The techniques ...
Rusting of iron
Rusting occurs when iron is exposed to oxygen and water. Iron reacts with the oxygen and water to produce hydrated ...
Reversible reactions and equilibria
Many chemical reactions are irreversible. The reactants once converted into the products, cannot be changed back again. These reactions are ...
Relative formula mass
The relative formula mass (Mr) is the mass of a compound and can be calculated using the relative atomic masses ...
Reactivity series
A reactivity series is a list which places metals into an order of their reactivity. Reactivity of metals is determined ...
Preparation of salts
Salts are ionic substances which are formed as a reaction between an acid and a metal or metal compound. Reactions ...
Rate of reaction
We can predict the effect of changes in factors, such as surface area, temperature, concentration and the use of a ...
Percentage yield
The actual yield of a reaction is the actual mass of the product obtained. The predicted yield is the amount ...
Molecular formula
What is Molecular Formula The molecular formula tells us the actual number of atoms of each element present in the ...
Molar volume of a gas
The volumes of gases and liquids are often measured in cubic decimetres (dm) in chemistry. A decimetre is equivalent to ...
Metallic bonding
Metallic elements are found on the left side and middle of the periodic table. A piece of a metal is ...
Molar enthalpy change
Although the heat energy change (Q) tells us the amount of heat energy transferred to or absorbed from the surroundings, ...